Liberia, republic in western Africa, bounded on the north by Sierra Leone and Guinea, on the east by Côte d'Ivoire, and on the south and west by the Atlantic Ocean. Liberia has an area of 99,067 sq. km (38,250 sq. mi.). Liberia was founded in the early 1800s by freed American slaves. Monrovia is the capital and largest city.
Yemen’s Old City of Sana'a stands as a living mosaic of civilizations. Just past the ornate Bab al‑Yaman gate, towering homes made of adobe, lime plaster, and layered with qatad (plaster) rise like giants in the maze of markets and quiet courtyards. Nearby, the ruins of Ghumdan Palace, once said to rival skyscrapers, recall a pre‑Islamic past and offer echoes of bygone architectural ambition.
Abu Simbel, in southern Egypt near the border with Sudan, is one of the most awe-inspiring archaeological sites of the ancient world. Built during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II in the 13th century BCE, the twin temples were carved directly into the sandstone cliffs overlooking the Nile. The Great Temple, with its four colossal statues of Ramses II seated at the entrance, was designed not only to honor the pharaoh but also to project his power to neighboring Nubia.
Togo, a narrow country in West Africa, stretches from the Gulf of Guinea in the south to savanna landscapes in the north. Its diverse cultures and languages, combined with vibrant music and dance traditions, create a lively and colorful atmosphere throughout the country.