Kalmar Union, combination of the crowns of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, effected at Kalmar, Sweden, by Margaret I in 1397. Because all three crowns were elective, the union could not be maintained by inheritance. Margaret's successors controlled Sweden intermittently until Gustavus I of Sweden dissolved the union (1523). Norway became independent in 1814.

San Luis Obispo is a city on California’s Central Coast, set between the Santa Lucia Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Its location in a sheltered valley gives the community a landscape of oak-covered hills, vineyards, creeks, and agricultural land, while the coast is within easy reach to the west. Downtown San Luis Obispo centers on a historic Spanish mission and a compact collection of shops, restaurants, and public spaces.

Cartagena is a port city on Spain’s southeastern Mediterranean coast, in the Region of Murcia, where a sheltered harbor is surrounded by hills and historic neighborhoods. Its strategic position has made it an important maritime center for successive civilizations, leaving an unusually rich archaeological and architectural landscape. The modern city combines a busy waterfront with a compact historic center, where Roman remains stand alongside military buildings and modernist architecture.

Freeport is the commercial center of Grand Bahama Island, set on the island’s southwestern side beside sheltered waters and extensive pine forests. The city was planned around a large private land development and has grown into a regional hub for tourism, shopping, dining, shipping, and recreation.

Addis Ababa is the capital of Ethiopia and a highland city set at the foot of the Entoto Mountains. Its elevated setting gives the city a relatively cool climate compared with much of the country, while broad avenues, busy neighborhoods, green hills, and expanding modern districts create a varied urban landscape. Addis Ababa is also the headquarters of the African Union and hosts numerous international organizations, giving it an important diplomatic role across the continent.